Métodos microbiológicos para la monitorización de la limpieza, desinfección y esterilización de dispositivos médicos / Microbiological monitoring of medical devices after cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation

El uso de los dispositivos semicríticos reutilizables se ha extendido en la práctica médica actual tanto con fines diagnósticos como terapéuticos. Sin embargo, la reutilización de estos instrumentos conlleva el riesgo de una transmisión cruzada de microorganismos de un paciente a otro. El proceso de limpieza y desinfección de estos dispositivos es complejo, largo, caro y muy sensible a que se produzcan fallos. En el presente documento se analizan los aspectos epidemiológicos de las infecciones asociadas a la reutilización de los dispositivos semicríticos, y el papel del laboratorio de Microbiología en la monitorización del proceso de limpieza y desinfección de los mismos a través de los controles microbiológicos. Se revisan las recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades científicas sobre la pertinencia de dichos controles y se establecen recomendaciones específicas para la toma y el procesamiento de las muestras, la interpretación de los resultados y las medidas a tomar en función de los resultados obtenidos

The use of reusable semi-critical devices has been extended in current medical practice for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, reuse of these instruments carries the risk of cross-transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another. The process of cleaning and disinfecting these devices is complex, long, expensive and very error-prone. This paper analyses the epidemiological aspects of infections associated with the reuse of semi-critical devices and the role of the Microbiology laboratory in monitoring the cleaning and disinfecting process through microbiological controls. The recommendations of different scientific societies on the relevance of such controls are reviewed and specific recommendations are proposed for the taking and processing of the samples, interpretation of the results and measures to be taken depending on the results obtained

Microbiological monitoring of medical devices after cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation. / Métodos microbiológicos para la monitorización de la limpieza, desinfección y esterilización de dispositivos médicos.

The use of reusable semi-critical devices has been extended in current medical practice for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, reuse of these instruments carries the risk of cross-transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another. The process of cleaning and disinfecting these devices is complex, long, expensive and very error-prone. This paper analyses the epidemiological aspects of infections associated with the reuse of semi-critical devices and the role of the Microbiology laboratory in monitoring the cleaning and disinfecting process through microbiological controls. The recommendations of different scientific societies on the relevance of such controls are reviewed and specific recommendations are proposed for the taking and processing of the samples, interpretation of the results and measures to be taken depending on the results obtained.

Antimicrobial chemotherapy for Legionnaires disease: levofloxacin versus macrolides.

BACKGROUND: The community outbreak of legionnaires disease that occurred in Murcia, Spain, in July 2001--to our knowledge, the largest such outbreak ever reported--afforded an unusual opportunity to compare the clinical response of patients with Legionella pneumonia treated with levofloxacin with that of patients treated with macrolides and to determine the role of rifampicin combined with levofloxacin in treating severe legionellosis. METHODS: An observational, prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted involving 292 patients seen at our hospital (Hospital "J. M. Morales Meseguer"; Murcia, Spain) who received a diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia during the Murcia outbreak. To compare both antibiotic regimens (macrolides vs. levofloxacin), patients were stratified by the severity of pneumonia. Duration of fever, clinical outcome, complications, side effects, and length of hospital stay were recorded. To assess the potential effects of adjuvant therapy with rifampicin, 45 case patients treated with levofloxacin plus rifampicin were evaluated and compared with 45 control pairs who were treated with levofloxacin alone. RESULTS: With the exception of 2 patients who died, all patients were cured. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in clinical outcome for patients with mild-to-moderate pneumonia. Nevertheless, in patients with severe pneumonia, levofloxacin exerted superior activity; it was associated with fewer complications (3.4% of patients receiving levofloxacin experienced complications, compared with 27.2% of patients receiving macrolides; P=.02) and shorter mean hospital stays (5.5 vs. 11.3 days; P=.04). Addition of rifampicin to the treatment regimen for patients receiveing levofloxacin for severe pneumonia provides no additional benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings strongly suggest that monotherapy with levofloxacin is a safe and effective treatment for legionnaires disease, including in patients with severe disease. In these patients, levofloxacin appears to be more effective than clarithromycin.